How Geography Impacted Ancient China - 585 Words

Ancient China How Geography Impacted Ancient China Many historians have contemplated if ancient China’s geography was harmful or helpful to the lasting of its civilization. Ancient China’s geography brought many contributions and devastations. The Huang He and Yangtze river valleys were vital to Chinese history. They provided the Chinese with fertile soil on which they based their agrarian society. The Himalayas form a natural barrier and played an important role by serving the Chinese with protection. While this helped China to thrive, rivers also overflowed and caused devastation along with mountain ranges preventing cultural diffusion from happening. Both the Huang He and Yangtze rivers contributed to the success of ancient Chinese civilization. These rivers provided the Chinese with fertile soil (Huang He). The Huang He River was given the nickname Yellow River because of the loess sediments that the river contains (Huang He). As a result, a majority of the population settled along the Huang He and Yangtze river va lleys (Starr). This was very vital to the Chinese culture and reflected in their social classes (Perkins 4). The second class was made up of farmers (Perkins 4). â€Å"The Chinese have always felt that the owning of land for agriculture is the basis of wealth and social prestige† (Perkins 4). The rivers also provided transportation navigable by ships (Starr 21). The Chinese used boats for travel and transportation of goods up and down the rivers (BlundenShow MoreRelatedAncient China s Development And Growth Of A Successful Ancient Chinese Society1349 Words   |  6 PagesIt is a nation in which people advance to reach a level of social development and organization. During the Han (206 BC-220 AD) and Qin (221 BC-207 BC) dynasties, Ancient China became unified. The Chinese developed a strong government and powerful empire with the help of its geography, social hierarchy, and belief system. The geography provided protection and goods necessary for survival and trade. The so cial hierarchy affected the ways of life of the people by determining their wealth and educationRead More Geography’s Impact on Culture and Society Essays1984 Words   |  8 PagesSociety When studying ancient civilizations and the beginning societies in the world, the geography has shaped its story significantly. Depending on the location of the civilization society, whether or not water was nearby was crucial for its survival. With trade networks, metals, foods, and languages were spread. Weapons were able to be formed from these metals which led to a stronger military. Mountain ranges formed the boundaries of civilizations. Geography greatly impacted Asia, Africa and EuropeRead MoreData Collection Of Hejing County And A Laboratory Analysis Phase At Washington University1728 Words   |  7 Pagesat a series of archaeological sites in Central Asia, including Mailykhotan (Uzbekistan), Tashbulak (Uzbekistan), Dali (Kazakhstan), Yikaibulusitai (China), Chahantonggu (China), and Sanhaizi (China). All of these sites are distributed along the IAMC with a time span from the Bronze Age to the medieval period. I believe my familiarity with the geography and archaeology in t his region has well prepared me to pursue a deeper understanding of the IAMC connectivity. Meanwhile, I have received trainingRead MoreEssay on HISTORY1490 Words   |  6 Pagesof Fire The Mississippi River The Gobi Desert (10 points) II. Graphic Organizer Fill in the table below about these five major world religions. Do not fill in the shaded boxes. (10 points) Religion Name at least one Holy Text How do you achieve enlightment? Describe their view about the afterlife. Hinduism Bhagvada Gata Do good deeds to get good karma until you break the samsara or cycle of reincarnation and reach enlightenment Buddhism Believe the Four Truths are trueRead MoreTaking a Look at Greek, Chinese and Indian Civilizations1995 Words   |  8 Pagestypes of achievements. These achievements such as cultural, mathematical, scientific, etc. help define how successful that civilization was. There were always scientific and mathematical achievements of different magnitudes in every civilization. The three civilizations that really stand out in their mathematical and scientific achievements are the Greek, Chinese, and Indian civilizations. Ancient India began around 2600 B.C. and ended around 500 A.D. The civilization flourished around the Indus RiverRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel : The Fates Of Human Societies1886 Words   |  8 Pageslittle cargo of our own?† Part 1: From Eden to Cajamarca In chapter one, Diamond mainly discusses how the evolution of different organisms allowed for further development in the world. He writes that there are fossils of the first human ancestors (gorilla, chimpanzee, and the bonobo) located in Africa that date back to 7 million B.C. Diamond describes the different capabilities of each organism and how they are similar to humans now in modern days. Diamond explains â€Å"The Great Leap Forward† whichRead MoreThe Decline Of The Paleolithic Age1233 Words   |  5 Pagesthe African Great Lakes. From there, they spread out all over Africa. Then they moved out of Africa into Southwestern Asia. They migrated toward Europe and from Eastern Asia down through the Pacific Islands and Australia. Many historians argue over how humans populated the Americas, but most believe that they traveled on a land bride, connecting Russia to North America during the Ice age. Once they reached North America, the Paleolithic people migrated downward unti l they reached the tip of SouthRead MoreChinese and Greek Mythology1564 Words   |  7 Pagesprogresses to prevent future misfortune. Firstly, if peace is kept in the heavens of Greece then there will be less despair on Earth. The battle of authority results in a punishment system being enforced to confine cruel people and prevent rebellions. In ancient Greece there was a constant power struggle for the gods because of the underlying fear that their children would replace them in the chain of command. The text supports the argument of development and enhancement after unreasonable decisions are madeRead MoreThe Effects of Color on Personality and Relationships Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesand Relationships When dealing with interpersonal relationships people’s personalities are a large part of how people get along. When you meet a new person you may say that you â€Å"hit it off† or that â€Å"you just clicked†; this is due to how each other’s personalities coincide with one another’s. People’s personalities are impacted by there surroundings. This paper will discuss how color affects people’s moods and personalities. All people are affected by their surroundings. Emily Landen afterRead MoreWhat Aspects Of Human Life Remain The Same Across All Three Groups2974 Words   |  12 Pagesthe humans did in there life and the Venus figurines shows sexual features suggested the paleolithic people fasioned such as figurines out of an interest in fertility. 6. How did the gradual transformation from hunting and gathering to agriculture probably occur? How did it spread? The change came when people first discovered how to cultivate crops and to domesticate animals. This was the most significant single development in human history and it happened within the Stone Age. 7. What were the most

The Concepts Of Religious Faith - 1182 Words

The concepts of religious faith, theology, belief and spirituality are all interconnected and very easy to get mixed up. This is because they all have something to do with the other. Richard P. Mcbrien explains how religious faith, theology, beliefs, and spirituality are all connected. Theology follows faith and belief follows Theology. Faith is our personal knowledge of God through human experiences and our openness to his love. Theology is our understanding of faith as revealed by God and our articulation of it. Beliefs are accepting these theological conclusions as true even without clear and convincing evidence. Spirituality is the practice of these beliefs, letting the spirit guide ones life. Although it’s easy to mix up the meaning of faith and belief or get confused the difference in understanding faith in Theology and being filled by God in your spirituality it’s pretty easy to grasp once you see how each influences the other. Religious Faith is our response to Gods unconditional love and our openness to having him work in our life in the way we present ourselves and how we treat others. It’s letting God love us and having a relationship with him in all parts of our life. Religious faith is not the same as human faith but is a result of Human faith. Human faith leads to religious faith but if you have a shaky human faith you will not have a strong religious faith. For example I know people who don’t have faith in God because they don’t have faith in humans and GodShow MoreRelatedThe Medical Ethics Principle Of Autonomy Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagesexempt parents or caretakers who fail to provide medical assistance to a child based upon religious beliefs, from being prosecuted for child neglect. Of these, six states include laws exempting parents from charges of child abuse, neglect, child injury and manslaughter, when religious beliefs conflict with medical care. In Idaho, legislati on was passed in the 1970s to accommodate faith-healing groups. â€Å"The religious exemption is the only place in the child protective act that places the parent’s rightRead MoreConcept Of Identity And Identity1529 Words   |  7 PagesConcept of Identity The concept of identity is essential to the psychological study of humans and their importance in society. One established definition of identity states it is an outcome of participating in the process of identification (Lawler, S 2008). Identification occurs in two main stages. The primary stage is uniquely personal as it is the fundamental part of one’s personality. It is exhibited in every action undertaken by the person. The secondary stage is malleable and adjusts itselfRead MoreEssay Faith In Religion And Science1123 Words   |  5 Pagestheories and principles which can be proven using mathematical equations and formulas. Faith however contrasts from the easily visible feasibility of data considering Natural Sciences as faith is simply believing without substantial evidence. While faith in religion has in the past helped individuals make morally right choices, faith in religion has also lead to unsubstantiated actions by followers. Meanwhile, faith in natural sciences has constantly been detrimental as nothing in Natural Sciences canRead MoreRichard Dawkins Theory Of The Mind Virus Theory1236 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Dawkins theory about â€Å"mind viruses† is not only wrong, it creates a dangerous divide between religiously inclined people and non-religious people, that could only serve to worsen the current tensions that are plaguing the global society today. Dawkins theory threatens to cause a schism in the relationship between religious and non-religious people, which is already in shambles in our times. Biologist, entomologist and author Richard Dawkins was born in Nairobi, Kenya on March 26th 1941Read MoreReligious Faith694 Words   |  3 PagesEvidence and Religious Faith Some people believe that evidence and faith are incompatible, that the very idea of faith is that faith is a belief that cannot be proven, so that it does not require evidence. However, evidence and proof are two very different concepts. Scientifically, one can only ever disprove a hypothesis. In other words, while it might be possible to disprove the existence of a god or gods, it would be impossible to eliminate all other variables that might provide support forRead MoreHealth Care in the Buddha, Sikh and Baha’i Faiths Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of health and the process of healing in regard to the religious belief of individuals goes beyond the realm of spirituality (Suzanne, 2008). Health is believed by every religion as the most important value at which insights can be created, and as well a practical means at which the health of individuals can be promoted. The secular perspective of religion is considered a contributing factor which broadens the uniq ue religious contribution and individual’s concern to spiritual dimensions.Read MoreDoes Religious Education Remain Relevant Today?984 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussions occurring currently about the future of Religious Education in the school curriculum. The main reason for this being the question: does Religious Education remain relevant today? In this essay I will explain why Religious Education is relevant today due to the growing secularisation of society, the increasing multiculturalism of the UK and the benefits it provides. I will also analyse the counter argument that society has moved on from the concept of religion and it should therefore not be taughtRead MorePaulo Coelho And His Religious Diversity918 Words   |  4 Pages Paulo Coelho and his Religious Diversity The Alchemist contains many religious elements and symbolism that stem directly from Paulo Coelho’s personal life. By incorporating a diverse collection of personal experiences to bring the world of The Alchemist alive, Paulo Coelho drew readers of all kinds to his novel. Even during his time at the Jesuit school, Paulo Coelho was developing thoughts and ideas of his own about faith and religion, ideas which are clearly reflected in The Alchemist. The varietyRead MoreWilliam James Untenable Defence Of Faith1530 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam James’ Untenable Defence of Faith In his essay ’The Will to Believe’, William James promotes a seemingly pragmatic defense of religious faith by taking a benign form of religion from an already preselected set of concepts he wishes to consider. William James’s philosophy however is not motivated by pragmatism, nor is it pragmatic, but instead is an attempt to blow smoke to veil indefensible beliefs. Faith, for the purpose of William James, would be belief lacking sufficient evidence to warrantRead MoreMeaning and End of Religion Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesPhil of Religion Professor Skorobogatov-Gray Banner ID: 800494043 The Meaning and End Of Religion Wilfred Cantwell Smith In the article, The Meaning and End of Religion, by Wilfred Cantwell Smith writes about his idea of the concept of religion explaining it to be a universally valid category as it is theorized but is truly a European creation. Throughout the article Smith conveys his ideas of religion. In his piece, there are several interesting ideas and most important thoughts

Death of a sales man wil Essay Example For Students

Death of a sales man wil Essay Death of a Salesman: Willys EscapeNo one has a perfect life. Everyone has conflicts that they must face sooner or later. The ways in which people deal with these personal conflicts can differ as much as the people themselves. Some insist on ignoring the problem as long as possible, while some attack the problem to get it out of the way. Willy Lowmans technique in Arthur Millers play Death of a Salesman, leads to very severe consequences. Willy never really does anything to help the situation, he just escapes into the past, whether intentionally or not, to happier times were problems were scarce. He uses this escape as if it were a narcotic, and as the play progresses, the reader learns that it can be a dangerous drug, because of its addictiveness and its deadliness. The first time Willy is seen lapsing off into the past is when he encounters Biff after arriving home. The conversation between Willy and Linda reflects Willys disappointment in Biff and what he has become, which is, for the most part, a bum. After failing to deal adequately with his feelings, he escapes into a time when things were better for his family. It is not uncommon for one to think of better times at low points in their life in order to cheer themselves up so that they are able to deal with the problems they encounter, but Willy Lowman takes it one step further. His refusal to accept reality is so strong that in his mind he is transported back in time to relive one of the happier days of his life. It was a time when no one argued, Willy and Linda were younger, the financial situation was less of a burden, and Biff and Happy enthusiastically welcomed their father back home from a long road trip. Willys need for the drug is satiated and he is reassured that everything will turn out okay, and the family will soon be as happy as it was in the good old days. We will write a custom essay on Death of a sales man wil specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The next flashback occurs during a discussion between Willy and Linda. Willy is depressed about his inability to make enough money to support his family, his looks, his personality and the success of his friend and neighbor, Charley. My God if business doesnt pick up , I dont know what Im gonna do! (36) is the comment made by Willy after Linda figures the difference between the familys income and their expenses. Before Linda has a chance to offer any words of consolation Willy blurts out Im Fat. Im veryfoolish to look at, Linda (37). In doing this he has depressed himself so much that he is visited by a woman with whom he is having an affair. The womans purpose in this point of the play is to cheer him up. She raises his spirits by telling him how funny and loveable he is, saying You do make me laugh.And I think youre a wonderful man. (38). And when he is reassured of his attractiveness and competence, the woman disappears, her purpose being fulfilled. Once again the drug has come to the rescue, postponing Willys having to actually do something about his problem. The next day, when Willy is fired after initially going to ask his boss to be relocated is when the next journey into the past occurs. The point of the play during which this episode takes place is so dramatic that willy seeks a big hit of the flashback drug. Such a big hit in fact, that he is transported back to what was probably the happiest day of his life. Biff was going to play in Ebbets field in the All-Scholastic Championship game in front of thousands of people. Willy couldnt be prouder of his two popular sons who at the time had everything going for them and seemed destined to live great, important lives, much more so than the liked, but not well liked boy next door, Bernard. Willys dependency on the drug is becoming greater by the hour, at this rate, he cannot remain sane for much longer. .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086 , .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086 .postImageUrl , .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086 , .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086:hover , .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086:visited , .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086:active { border:0!important; } .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086:active , .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086 .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uad7267de31eb1324b090a5b4ebf44086:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay about The Pact of Hindi Films in IndiaToo much of anything, even a good thing, can quickly become a bad thing. Evidence of this statement is seen during Willys next flashback, when the drug he has been using for so long to avoid his problems backfires, giving him a bad trip, quite possibly a side effect of overuse. This time he is brought back to one of the most disturbing moments in his life. Its the day that Biff had discovered his fathers mistress while visiting him on one of his trips to ask him to come back home and negotiate with his math teacher to give him the four points he needed to pass math and graduate high school. This scene gives the reader a chance to fully understand the tension between Willy and Biff, and why things can never be the same. Throughout the play, the present has been full of misfortune for the most part, while the opposite is true for the past. The reader is left to wonder when the turning point occurred. What was the earth-shattering event that threw the entire Lowman family into a state of such constant tension? Now that event is revealed and Willy is out of good memories to return to. With the last hit of Willys supply of the drug spent, what next? The comparison between Willys voyages into the past and the use of a narcotic is so perceptible because of its verity. When Willys feeling down, or life seems just too tedious and insignificant, or when things just arent going his way, why not take a hit of the old miracle drug, memories. The way he overuses his vivid imagination is sad because the only thing its good for is enabling Willy to go through one more day of his piteous life, full of bitterness, confusion, depression, false hopefulness, and a feeling of love which he is trying very hard to express to his sons who seem reluctant to accept it.

Internet History Essays (911 words) - ARPANET, Digital Technology

Internet History The Internet was created in 1969 by scientists working for ARPA. ARPA stands for advanced research projects agency, and was formed to create a network of computers that could save information in the event of a nuclear attack. UCLA, Stanford Research Institute (SRI), UC Santa Barbara (UCSB), and the University of Utah in Salt Lake City were the first ARPANET locations. The ARPANET is what is now called the Internet. The plan was unprecedented: A professor at UCLA, and his small group of graduate students hoped to log onto the Stanford computer and try to send it some data. They would start by typing "login," and asking by telephone if the letters appeared on the far-off monitor. On their first attempt, the "L" and "O" were transmitted successfully, but after they typed the letter "G" the system crashed. From 1969 to 1983 a lot of different packet switching schemes were tried and TCP/IP is what grew OUT of ARPANET, not what started ARPANET. During most of the seventies, the protocol was generally referred to as just the Network Control Protocol or NCP. The term Internet was probably first applied to a 1973 research program that culminated in a demonstration system in 1977. It demonstrated networking through various mediums, including satellite, radio, telephone, ethernet, etc. using packet switching. And this formed the roots of the Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). But it was not until 1983 that all nodes on ARPANET were required to use TCP/IP to connect to it. Also in 1983, the Department of Defense moved the unclassified portions of the Data Defense Network to create MILLET. Then in January 1983, the ARPA Internet first appears and operation was passed to the Defense Communications Agency. The first operating, non-experimental, real live Internet with a capital network, was a military network with a couple of hundred computers connected to it. Universities and the general public were not welcome on the ARPANET. It was a network for Department of Defense contractors and military sites. Then a group of military contractors with strong ties to business and universities not on the MILLET were constantly in a situation where many of their peers were not on the Net while they were on. They began campaigning for access for other researchers. In 1984 the National Science Foundation established an office for networking. a number of universities and research groups actually did get access to ARPANET. In 1993, Tim Lee created an interface to the World Wide Web he called Mosaic. The NSF actually funded further development of a Macintosh and Microsoft Windows version of Mosaic through a grant to the University. The first Microsoft Windows version appeared about November of 1993. The Mosaic Web Browser put a pretty face on the Internet. You could navigate the World Wide Web by clicking on links with the mouse. More importantly, it allowed users to add "players" for sound, video clips, or anything else they wanted to add. Today, advanced Mosaic browsers such as Netscape have added other functions quite beyond World Wide Web, including electronic mail. Electronic mail, or E-mail as it is commonly called, was invented by Ray Tomlinson in 1971 as a way of sending messages of the Internet to other users on-line. His program for sending E-mail was called SNDMSG, which stands for send message. Now E-mail has grown so much that next year people will send an estimated 6 trillion messages. A new use for the Internet that is influencing the lives of many Internet users is the creation of E-wrestling leagues. E-wrestling is a type of game in which you create wrestling matches over E-mail. You can challenge other members of your E-fed (a group of members in your league) by posting messages on the message board. The other member will then respond to your challenge by writing back on the message board. If the commissioner approves of the match then he will send an E-mail to the two members telling when the match will take place. There are two ways a commissioner can create matches, depending on the rules of your federation. One way is to write out the entire match. This takes a long time and the results are based on the opinion of the commissioner. The other way involves using a computer to decide the winner. My federation uses "Zeus", a computer program found on the Internet, to simulate the matches. The good thing about this type of match is it can be made quickly, the matches are fair and based on wrestlers attributes,

The Importance of Personal Therapy on Psychotherapy Students

The Importance of Personal Therapy on Psychotherapy Students Abstract This pilot study investigate the attitudes of trainee therapists towards the current fifty hours of mandatory personal counselling needed for completion of their studies at diploma level. It determines whether it should be more or less, and what else would be beneficial in becoming a counsellor or psychotherapist. In this study, ten students of psychotherapy completed a questionnaire. This questionnaire comprised of eight quantitative Likert questions, and two qualitative questions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Importance of Personal Therapy on Psychotherapy Students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction The field of psychotherapy is known for solving many ailments and mental problems whose cause was mental and emotional sicknesses. The psychotherapy came as a means to assist the clinical therapist to unravel the emotional and the mental dispositions that threatened health of the pati ents. Psychotherapy is therefore a robust field, which is gaining acceptance all over the world. As a part of study to qualify as a practicing psychotherapist one is required to undergo fifty hours of personal therapy. Personal therapy is where one is supposed to go to a therapist as a patient although in mind, one may not be sick or in dire need of clinical psychotherapy. This research report will delve into what other scholars have studied on this subject. It will look into how students of psychotherapy feel about this practice whether it is beneficial to them or not. The other aspect that this research will delve into is that of whether the mandatory fifty hours of personal therapy are enough or not. The report will include the findings of the report and the discussion. The final part of this report will deal with the recommendation or the way forward because of this study. Literature review There is a lot of study assessing the role of personal therapy that students of psychothe rapy have to undergo in the fulfilment of their course work. There have been various arguments, some that are supportive to this practice while others are negate and see it as a futile procedure that is not necessary. Norcross (2010) indicates that, it did not assist her in getting the much-needed internship, which she was looking for. Irrespective of such feelings, there are a number of reasons, which make this personal therapy important to the scholars. Freud, the founder of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis was the first advocate of students undertaking this practice. He also went for psychotherapy, which he felt, was a relief and that it helped him to recuperate and deal with his personal issues. Personal therapy for the psychotherapy students is as important as for the therapist himself as it ensures that personal problems and issues do not influence the therapist when offering therapy to a patient. There is likelihood that the psychotherapists’ personal values and experi ences in life may affect the manner in which they treat the patients. To ensure that this does not happen, early training of psychotherapy by taking the clients seat and feeling how the clients feel is a way of becoming a good psychotherapists (Barley Lambert 2001).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This training is imperative as it ensures that the students develop listening skills. When the students attend the therapy as clients, they see the importance of an empathetic therapist who is able to get into their shoes and identify with their feelings without prejudice. Without ever having to attend this therapy, the student would not learn how to be empathetic. This is an important quality required for anyone to be an effective psychotherapist. Psychotherapy demands courage from the patient as it involves getting to a stranger and unloading one’s frustrations, fears, uncertainties and success. This is not easy and at times clients are not cooperative and unless the beginner psychotherapist appreciates this fact by sitting at the clients sit one would not ask the patients the necessary questions in fear that it affects the patients’ privacy or feelings (Herman 1993). Various studies show that students who attended personal therapy also believed that they became more patient and tolerant to other people. During the clinical therapy, it is likely for the patient to pause and think or make unclear statements, which they will elaborate later (Lafferty 1989). Without having gone for such a therapy and without knowing the difficulty of putting ones experiences in words one may fail to understand some of the clients expressions which is not good for clinical therapy. Students who attended these trainings acknowledged that they stopped putting words in patients mouth and offering unnecessary advice without listening to them. It enables the learners not to avoid the difficult periods of the psychotherapy that are imperative to the patient’s progress. This is an important skill in psychotherapy to enable the clients discover their problems (Lambert 1996). The other benefit to students who undergo personal psychotherapy is that they gain knowledge of self. This knowledge is critical to any practising psychotherapist as survey done by Association of Psychiatrist indicates that it makes them aware of their personal biases and perceptions and how they react to different situations. This self-knowledge makes it easier for the practitioner to gain a deeper understanding of the client’s needs and personality without indulging ones biases and personal values. This is imperative in ensuring success as a psychotherapist (Lambert 1996). Personal therapy classes and gaining self-knowledge help the students to protect the clients from harm. This is because it becomes easier to know how client is likely to respond to c ertain information based on their personality because they can identify personality types from listening to the client’s words. Knowledge coupled with the increased listening and empathy skills help the student to prevent the client from harm by formulating the relevant therapy and solutions to the patients’ problems and challenges (Barley Lambert 2001).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Importance of Personal Therapy on Psychotherapy Students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The other importance of the personal therapy undergone by students of psychotherapy is that it reduces the stigma associated with psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is challenging and most people do not seek for therapy unless they have problems such as depression. Going for therapy when one is healthy needs acceptance in the society and there is no better way of making this happen other than ensuring that the students of ps ychotherapy accept its role in their lives. A psychotherapist who stigmatises or fears taking therapy would be like preaching water and taking wine (Sperry 2003). Concerning the quantity of time, there is recommendation of fifty hours of therapy. Various studies indicate that the fifty hours are moderately enough. However, there is no conclusive opinion on the number of hours. Some scholars feel that these hours are too many and likely to create boredom and dislike for psychotherapy while others argue that after the psychotherapy they feel excited and look forward to the next session (Macran 1999). Concerning the necessity of this personal therapy there is a general feeling among different scholars that it enabled them to develop critical skills that are useful in the execution of their duties. Research methodology The research focused on ten students of psychotherapy in an attempt to ensure that, the work is successful and the research identified the correct responses and feeling o f psychotherapy students in Ireland. Although the sample appears to be small, it is a representative as psychotherapy students are not as many as compared with students in other disciplines such as business, arts or science. Sampling was random by picking the students from the psychotherapy diploma register and no criterion was adopted as a means of sampling. There was adoption of the two research methodologies as one methodology could not collect the data satisfactorily. This is because there was need for both qualitative and quantitative data to make the study successful. The number of students who agreed on whether the practice was relevant needed quantitative data collection. However, the reasons and feelings behind their responses required qualitative data collection method (Martin 2000). Ten students attending XXX College, Dublin, Ireland, participated in this study. They were counselling and psychotherapy students who volunteered their time during a research module to fill qu estionnaires. The module tutor monitored all work to ensure that it was done according to the instructions provided.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The questionnaire assessed the participant’s views on personal therapy during training, should it be mandatory? Has it been beneficial? Is it necessary to continue after the mandatory fifty hours? The questionnaire used eight Likert questions that were quantitative and two open qualitative questions. Analysis The following are the findings from the survey. The results indicated that most of the students felt that the personal therapy was necessary. Fifty per cent of the students strongly agreed that the research was necessary; twenty percent agreed that it was necessary and twenty percent were undecided. None of the student disagreed about the necessity of personal therapy as an important part of their study. (n=8) is the number of students who agreed that personal therapy is important. On whether the student would have completed their studies even without personal therapy forty per cent of the students agreed that they would not have been able to complete their coursework if they had not experienced personal therapy. Forty percent were undecided or unaware of the importance of personal therapy in their studies. Two per cent disagreed that personal therapy affected their ability to complete their studies and to become therapists. However, the opinion of those supporting personal therapy outnumbered those who disagreed concerning its contribution to ones success in the coursework. Concerning the importance of personal therapy in continuing personal development, (n=7) seventy percent of the student agreed that it was important. The other thirty percent of the students were undecided. None of the student felt that the personal therapy was not important in their personal development. On whether the students felt that their personal therapist was fully congruent and understanding most of the responses were positive with fifty percent strongly agreeing that they felt their personal therapist was understanding and aware of their feelings. Thirty percent agreed while twenty percent were undecided. This indicates that there was a strong feeling that the personal therapists were understanding and congruent with the students. About the relationship between being a client and being a good therapist, (n=7) agreed that one cannot make a good therapist if they cannot let themselves sit at the patient’s seat and experience how it feels. Thirty percent of the students were undecided on this matter. There was no student who disagreed that there was a relationship between having gone through personal therapy and becoming a good therapist. Concerning whether the personal therapy that the students had in any way influenced their style of therapy, ninety percent agreed. This time there was nobody who was undecided about this matter. However, ten percent of the students disagreed that personal therapy had influenced their style of therapy. This percentage of disagreement is quite high and reasons of their disagreement need to be unearthed. The im portance of continuing with the personal therapy even after the mandatory fifty hours received strong agreement for it to be continued even after the fifty hours of personal therapy. Twenty percent were undecided on whether this should go on or not, however it is imperative to note that there was no student who disagreed that the mandatory fifty hours of personal therapy need an increment. The last area of study was on how the student felt on being clients and whether it made it easy for them to be counsellors. N=10 agreed that playing the role of client assisted them in their development as counsellors. This only varied where eighty percent strongly agreed while twenty percent mildly agreed. However, this was unanimous show that the students felt personal therapy enabled them to play their role as counsellors very effectively. The other part of the responses was qualitative and it differed with the students giving detailed reasons as to why they felt that personal therapy was neces sary to them. Interpretation The necessity of personal therapy to the student therapists is not questionable with most of the students agreeing that it is necessary to them for their future practice as psychotherapist. The strength was shown by the fact that eighty percent agreed with these and there was no disagreement. On whether the personal therapy enables the student to complete their studies in a successful way the answer is positive as seventy percent of the students agreed about this with a minority of the students adopting a different opinion. On the relevance of personal therapy and its influence on the students’ personal development, there was a widespread agreement that it was important. However, the percentage of undecided students is worth noting. Thirty percent, who are undecided on such issue shows that they have not felt any impact of the personal therapy on the development of their personal lives. It indicates that the therapy may not have assisted the stude nt to develop the skills needed in personal therapy such as listening skills and empathy. Specialized research on the undecided students is required to establish why these students are undecided. The percentage of students who agreed that their personal therapist was understanding and congruent with their needs was seventy percent. This shows that the capability of the therapist who is dealing with the students is important in making them understand and feel the importance of personal therapy. However, there were those who were undecided. These figures of indecision are worrying because they show that some of the students are unaware of the importance of personal therapy and their inability to judge situations that are very important for a therapist is lacking. However, it is imperative to note that there were no students who disagreed on this. The students were of the opinion that there was a relationship between being a good therapist and going for personal therapy. Their feeling concur with those of the previous studies conducted by other scholars that personal therapy is important for any therapist. The style of therapy directly relates to the style of their personal therapist. This is because ninety per cent of the students agreed that they adopted their style from their personal therapist. This affirms the earlier statement that there is need for the students to have personal therapist who are highly qualified as they have a lot of influence on how the students will practice psychotherapy on their patients. However, one student disagreed and it is important to identify whom he felt this style of therapy modelled after. This is because it indicates that ten percent of the students’ style of their therapy was different from that of their personal therapist. There is need to increase the mandatory number of hours for student’s personal therapy. This is because the number of students who lived in the institution felt that it was necessary for s uch measures to take place. Eighty percent of the students agreed to support this. This strong feeling about personal therapy indicates the role, which it plays on the practice of the students. Increasing the number of hours would certainly be necessary. The personal therapies that students undergo ensure that they become good counsellors. This is because of the skills they develop from their experience as clinical patients of psychotherapy. In fact, all the students agreed that personal therapy helped them to become good counsellors. Limitations of the study This study was however limited in a number of ways. The scope although representation is small may not represent a diverse feeling of all psychotherapy students in Ireland. The study also failed to classify the students in terms of their demographics such as age and gender as this may affect their perception on psychotherapy. People would be interested to know how many male students felt that the improved therapy made them good counsellors and how many female students felt likewise. In addition, the study did not look into the specific capabilities that the students developed because of this personal therapy. It is imperative to know whether their empathy and listening skills improved from the fifty hours, which they spent with their personal psychotherapist. Discussion Personal psychotherapy on the students is indeed important to those who intend to become psychotherapists or counsellors. The skills and experiences received from that practice prove that personal therapy in the field of psychotherapy is not an outdated practice. This is a major area of influence on the students of psychotherapy. Its role in framing the students’ style of therapy is effective. In addition, it is important for the personal progress of the students in all aspects of their lives as proved in this study. Other than that, it is imperative to increase the mandatory hours of students’ personal psychotherapy. This wi ll make the students more competent as counsellors as well as psychotherapists. References Barley, D Lambert, M 2001, Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome, Psychotherapy, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 357-361. Herman, K 1993, Reassessing predictors of therapist competence, Journal of Counselling Development, vol. 72, pp. 29-32. Lafferty, P 1989, Differences between more and less effective psychotherapists: A study of select therapist variables. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 76-80. Lambert, M 1996, Current findings regarding the effectiveness of counselling: Implications for practice, Journal of Counselling Development, vol. 74, pp. 601-608. Macran, S 1999, How does personal therapy affect therapists’ practice? Journal of Counselling Psychology, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 419-431 Martin, D 2000, Relation of therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: A meta-analytic review, Journal of Consulting and Clinica l Psychology, vol. 68, pp. 438-450 Norcross, R 2010, Handbook of psychotherapy integration, Basic Books, New York. Sperry, L 2003, Becoming an effective therapist, Alyn Bacon, Boston.

home school essays

home school essays Before the beginning of American public schools in the mid-19th century, home schooling was the norm. Founding father John Adams encouraged his spouse to educate their children while he was on diplomatic missions (Clark, 1994). By the 1840's instruction books for the home were becoming popular in the United States and Britain. The difficulty of traveling to the system of community schools was provoking detractors. At this time, most of the country began moving toward public schools (Clark, 1994). One of the first things early pioneers did was set aside a plot of land to build a school house and try to recruit the most educated resident to be the schoolmarm. This led to recruiting of graduates Eastern Seaboard colleges to further the education oftheir children beyond what they could do at home (Clark, 1994). As the popularity of the public school movement began to rise behind Horace Mann many states soon passed compulsory-education laws. These were designed primarily to prevent farmers, miners, and other parents form keeping their kids home to work (Clark, 1994). Ironically another factor behind public schools was the desire to use them to spread Christian morality, with its concern for the larger good over individualism (Clark, 1994). Massachusetts enacted the first such laws in 1852 requiring children ages 8-14 to be at school at least 12 weeks a year unless they were too poor. The laws proved to be effective, from 1870-1898 the number of children enrolling in the public schools outpaced the population growth. Except for certain religious sects and correspondence schools home schooling remained limited for most of the 20th century. During the 1960's the hippie counterculture exploded into the scene. This culture led a revolt against the education establishment. Thousands of young Americans began dropping out of society and going back to the land to live on communes that generated the modern home schooling...

Tesco - Reflective Journal - Managing Change Essay

Tesco - Reflective Journal - Managing Change - Essay Example Changes were felt immediately as Tesco’s shares fell on the stock market immediately following the announcement of Leahy’s retirement. In addition, Tesco’s announced that Leahy’s office would be filled by Phillip Clarke, the then head of Tesco’s international operations and was especially connected to Tesco in Europe and Asia (English, 2010). It was immediately speculated that Tesco would focus on its overseas operations with Leahy’s exit (English, 2010). In reality, Clarke, with significant international experience took over Tesco’s domestic operations once he took office. Upon his assumption of responsibilities, Richard Brasher who was head of domestic operations and took much of the blame for a drop in sales at Tesco’s domestic locations, announced that he would be leaving. In addition, Tesco’s public relations department announced that a shake-up would follow to restore Tesco’s profit margins (Brown & Jefferies, 2012). Changes commenced once Clarke took office and Clarke announced a 2 billion pound plan to restore the profits, that Tesco had a long and comfortable history of generating. Clarke announced that the company would hire 8,000 new employees and would work toward improving quality and reducing prices so that they were consistent with the income of the average household. Clarke also announced that Tesco would open more stores, make them larger and focus on the acquisition and sale of fresh foods (Cunliffe, 2013). In changing the organizational culture, a number of experts in managing different departments and operations such as multichannel managers, former managers from Sainsbury’s and Marks and Spencer and an executive from Facebook were hired. In addition, 50 current managers from Tesco’s headquarters and offices were let go (Butler, 2013). In other words, since 2010, Tesco has undergone significant changes in management for the purpose of turning the business around. The changes that Tesco have experienced and is currently experienced will be analysed by reference to change management theory as reported in the literature. Schneider, B.; Brief, A.P. and Guzzo, R.A. Spring 1996. ‘Creating a Climate and Culture for Sustainable Organizational Change.’ Organizational Dynamics, 7-19. Schneider, Brief and Guzzo (1996) discuss total organizational change (TOC), what it means and how it should be implemented for optimal results. More importantly, Schneider, et al.(1996) compare TOC with the silver bullet approach. The latter appears to be the approach taken by Tesco. The article also provides valuable insights on why change in an organization is important and how and why organizational change can become complicated exercises and can be poorly implementing, setting the organization back. In general, Schneider, et al. (1996) caution that organizations typically fail to implement organizational change successfully because they are ill-prepared for resistance from workers to organizational change. In addition, when there is a failure to properly contemplate the consequences of changes made, managers find themselves making more changes which only complicates the change process (Schneider, et al., 1996). It would appear that in Tesco’s case, changes in the organization have occurred at the top in that two high ranking mangers resigned from the organization within a year and a year later 50 managers were